Technique and Applications of tissue microarray in pathology study: A review Applications of tissue microarray in pathology : A review
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Abstract
Tissue microarray (TMA) technology is a high-throughput method that enables the simultaneous analysis of multiple tissue samples within a single paraffin block. By extracting small core biopsies from donor blocks and arranging them systematically into a recipient block, TMAs allow uniform experimental conditions, efficient biomarker evaluation, and preservation of valuable tissue resources. This review discusses the historical development of TMA technology, construction techniques, major applications in predictive, prognostic, validation, and progression studies, and its role in oncology and oral pathology research. The advantages, limitations—particularly tumor heterogeneity—and recent technological advancements in automation and digital pathology are critically evaluated. Special emphasis is placed on the application of TMAs in oral cavity diseases and bioimaging. TMA remains a powerful and evolving tool in molecular pathology and translational research.
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