Biochemical Profiling of Pro-inflammatory (ILs) and Hormonal Markers (HGH) as Predictive Biomarkers Implications in Iraqi Women with Breast Carcinoma Inflammatory and Hormonal Biomarkers in Breast Cancer
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Abstract
Breast Cancer (BC) is most common in women. About two-thirds of BC cases are hormone-dependent. The proliferation, differentiation, & survival of both normal tissue & breast cancer are regulated by the interleukin (IL) family. This study aimed to measure and compare the serum levels of three pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL-18, IL-23, as well as IL-27) with human growth hormone (HGH), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and cancer antigen 15–3 (CA 15–3) in Iraqi BC patients and control subjects. In addition to determine the correlation between those markers and clinical-pathological variants. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 65 Iraqi women who had been diagnosed with breast cancer & 65 healthy female controls. Clinical pathology data, such as age, BMI, histological grade, BC types, and lymph node status, were associated with serum levels of HGH, CEA, and CA 15-3, as assessed by the Electro Chemiluminescence Immune Assay (ECLIA), as well as various ILs, as determined by the ELISA approach. The Serum (HGH) level in BC patients were significantly elevated, measuring approximately twice as high as the control group. IL-18 levels were highly significantly increased, reaching more than three times the concentration of controls. In a similar vein, IL-27 levels almost doubled in the BC group, while IL-23 exhibited a highly significant rise (P > 0.0001). Relevant relationships were identified between these biomarkers and various clinic pathological features. The biomarkers being studied HGH, CEA, CA15-3, IL-18, IL-23, & IL-27 markedly distinguish breast cancer patients from healthy controls. However, they show no significant correlation with tumor grade, stage, metastasis or histological types in this study population, suggesting their primary utility lies in initial detection rather than staging.
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