Human Papilloma Virus Impact In Development Head And Neck Cancer HPV & Development Head And Neck Cancer
Main Article Content
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of DNA oncogenic viruses transmitted sexually, non- sexual, and vertical infecting basal epithelial cells causing several types of cancers worldwide like cervical cancer in low-income countries and head and neck cancer in high income countries like oropharyngeal cancer particularly among younger age group. This cancer expands beyond the oropharynx like throat, tonsils, and base of the tongue. Thus, using a possible vaccine to decrease the problem of these cancers.
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The Journal of Medical and Oral Biosciences uses a Creative Commons Attribution (CC Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0) and its license of (CC BY-SA 4.0). This license allows the authors to hold ownership of the copyright of their articles.
Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0). ![]()
Under the CC BY-SA 4.0 the authors are free to:
Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.
Under the following terms:
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
References
References
1. Mody MD, Rocco JW, Yom SS, Haddad RI, Saba NF. Head and neck cancer. The Lancet. 2021 Dec;398(10318):2289–99.
2. Senkomago V, Henley SJ, Thomas CC, Mix JM, Markowitz LE, Saraiya M. Human Papillomavirus–Attributable Cancers — United States, 2012–2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2019 Aug 23;68(33):724–8.
3. Lechner M, Liu J, Masterson L, Fenton TR. HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer: epidemiology, molecular biology and clinical management. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2022 May 1;19(5):306–27.
4. Freddie Bray MLHSJFRLSISAJ. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024 May;74(3):229–63.
5. Huang J, Chan SC, Ko S, Lok V, Zhang L, Lin X, et al. Disease burden, risk factors, and trends of lip, oral cavity, pharyngeal cancers: A global analysis. Cancer Med. 2023 Sep 30;12(17):18153–64.
6. Proia NK, Paszkiewicz GM, Sullivan Nasca MA, Franke GE, Pauly JL. Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco-Associated Human Buccal Cell Mutations and Their Association with Oral Cancer—A Review. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. 2006 Jun 1;15(6):1061–77.
7. Petti S. Lifestyle risk factors for oral cancer. Oral Oncol. 2009 Apr;45(4–5):340–50.
8. IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Personal habits and indoor combustions. Volume 100 E. A review of human carcinogens. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risks Hum 2012;100(PT E):1–538. 2012;
9. Syrjänen S. Human papillomavirus (HPV) in head and neck cancer. Journal of Clinical Virology. 2005 Mar;32:59–66.
10. Huang J, Chan SC, Ko S, Lok V, Zhang L, Lin X, et al. Disease burden, risk factors, and trends of lip, oral cavity, pharyngeal cancers: A global analysis. Cancer Med. 2023 Sep 30;12(17):18153–64.
11. Chaturvedi AK, Engels EA, Pfeiffer RM, Hernandez BY, Xiao W, Kim E, et al. Human Papillomavirus and Rising Oropharyngeal Cancer Incidence in the United States. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2011 Nov 10;29(32):4294–301.
12. Pytynia KB, Dahlstrom KR, Sturgis EM. Epidemiology of HPV-associated oropharyngeal cancer. Oral Oncol. 2014 May;50(5):380–6.
13. Nulton TJ, Olex AL, Dozmorov M, Morgan IM, Windle B. Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas sequencing data reveals novel properties of the human papillomavirus 16 genome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget. 2017 Mar 14;8(11):17684–99.
14. Rahimi S. HPV-related squamous cell carcinoma of oropharynx: a review. J Clin Pathol. 2020 Oct;73(10):624–9.
15. Conarty JP, Wieland A. The Tumor-Specific Immune Landscape in HPV+ Head and Neck Cancer. Viruses. 2023 May 31;15(6):1296.
16. Habib MA, Huda HA, Israa HA, Al-Salihi KA. Expression of TIMP-2 in HPV-16 infected oral squamous cell carcinoma in patients in Iraq. Braz J Oral Sci. 2016;15(1).
17. Chen DS, Mellman I. Oncology Meets Immunology: The Cancer-Immunity Cycle. Immunity. 2013 Jul;39(1):1–10.
18. Blankenstein T, Coulie PG, Gilboa E, Jaffee EM. The determinants of tumour immunogenicity. Nat Rev Cancer. 2012 Apr 1;12(4):307–13.
19. Gameiro S, Zhang A, Ghasemi F, Barrett J, Nichols A, Mymryk J. Analysis of Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex Gene Transcription in Human Tumors Caused by Human Papillomavirus Infection. Viruses. 2017 Sep 10;9(9):252.
20. Cabeça TK, De Mello Abreu A, Andrette R, De Souza Lino V, Morale MG, Aguayo F, et al. HPV-Mediated Resistance to TNF and TRAIL Is Characterized by Global Alterations in Apoptosis Regulatory Factors, Dysregulation of Death Receptors, and Induction of ROS/RNS. Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Jan 8;20(1):198.
21. Tsang KY, Fantini M, Fernando RI, Palena C, David JM, Hodge JW, et al. Identification and characterization of enhancer agonist human cytotoxic T-cell epitopes of the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E6/E7. Vaccine. 2017 May;35(19):2605–11.
22. Baudouin R, Hans S, Lisan Q, Morin B, Adimi Y, Martin J, et al. Prognostic Significance of the Microenvironment in Human Papillomavirus Oropharyngeal Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. Laryngoscope. 2024 Apr 29;134(4):1507–16.
23. SHIRI AGHBASH P, HEMMAT N, BARADARAN B, MOKHTARZADEH A, POORTAHMASEBI V, AHANGAR OSKUEE M, et al. The effect of Wnt/β-catenin signaling on PD-1/PDL-1 axis in HPV-related cervical cancer. Oncol Res. 2022;30(3):99–116.
24. Saba NF, Pamulapati S, Patel B, Mody M, Strojan P, Takes R, et al. Novel Immunotherapeutic Approaches to Treating HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers (Basel). 2023 Mar 24;15(7):1959.
25. Wieland A, Patel MR, Cardenas MA, Eberhardt CS, Hudson WH, Obeng RC, et al. Defining HPV-specific B cell responses in patients with head and neck cancer. Nature. 2021 Sep 9;597(7875):274–8.
26. Akkaya M, Kwak K, Pierce SK. B cell memory: building two walls of protection against pathogens. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020 Apr 13;20(4):229–38.
27. Alizi SMH, Mukhlis FA, Abdul-Majeed BA. Detection of Human papillomavirus in surface epithelial ovarian carcinoma using in situ hybridization technique. J Fac Med Baghdad. 2012 Apr 1;54(1):57–62.
28. Ismail NH, Al-Shammeri AM, Latif AH, Majeed AM, Abed DW. Detection of Human Papilloma Virus type 6 and type 11 in women with Breast Cancer by in situ hybridization technique. J Fac Med Baghdad. 2015 Apr 1;57(1):59–63.
29. AL-Mahbobi TF, Mohammed Ali SH, AL- Kurtas MA. Molecular detection of Human Papillomavirus genotype-16&-18 in tissues from patients with prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. J Fac Med Baghdad. 2011 Jul 3;53(2):201–6.
30. Jumaa IM, Mohammed Ali SH, Bakir TY, Ardalan DMM. Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Human Papilloma Virus Infections in Iraqi Patients with Esophageal Carcinoma. J Fac Med Baghdad. 2009 Jul 1;51(2):204–10.
31. Mohammed Ali SH. Detection and Genotyping of Human Papilloma Virus-Associated Oral Lichen Planus By In Situ Hybridization Technique. J Fac Med Baghdad. 2009 Oct 1;51(3):276–82.
32. Ruffin AT, Cillo AR, Tabib T, Liu A, Onkar S, Kunning SR, et al. B cell signatures and tertiary lymphoid structures contribute to outcome in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Nat Commun. 2021 Jun 7;12(1):3349.
33. Al-Salihi KA, Samsudin AR. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the mandible and submandibular salivary gland: Report of a case. Oral Oncology Extra. 2004;40(10).
34. Lo Cigno I, Calati F, Girone C, Catozzo M, Gariglio M. High‐risk HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 and their interplay with the innate immune response: Uncovering mechanisms of immune evasion and therapeutic prospects. J Med Virol. 2024 Jun 24;96(6).
35. Zhang X, Wang Z, Ren Z, Li Z, Ma W, Gao X, et al. HPV vaccine acceptability and willingness-related factors among Chinese adolescents: a nation-wide study. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021 Apr 3;17(4):1025–32.
36. Arroyo Mühr LS, Gini A, Yilmaz E, Hassan SS, Lagheden C, Hultin E, et al. Concomitant human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and screening for elimination of HPV and cervical cancer. Nat Commun. 2024 May 1;15(1):3679.
37. Rebolj M, Brentnall AR, Cuschieri K. Predictable changes in the accuracy of human papillomavirus tests after vaccination: review with implications for performance monitoring in cervical screening. Br J Cancer. 2024 May 27;130(11):1733–43.